MAIN FEATURES ABOUT THE ACTIVITY OF THE DYNAMIC - STATIC SYSTEM.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.

Arterial functional structure characteristics Arteries are blood vessels in the circulatory system in the body, drawing blood from the heart to the organs. Blood in arteries is high in oxygen, except in the pulmonary artery and the umbilical artery. The artery has a blood pressure ratio [...]

Arterial functional characteristics characteristics

Arteries are blood vessels in the circulatory system in the body, drawing blood from the heart to organs. Blood in arteries is high in oxygen, except in the pulmonary artery and the umbilical artery.

The artery has a higher rate of blood pressure in the circulatory system. Blood pressure varies from the peak during the contraction, called systolic pressure, to the minimum - diastolic pressure - when the heart relaxes and blood rushes to the heart. The change in pressure in the artery creates the artery and can feel this pulse and it reflects the activity of the heart. The artery carries blood from the heart to the cells, except the pulmonary artery, which carries blood to the lungs to oxidize. Left arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to organs and cells that need oxygen.

Functional venous structure characteristics (also called ven - English, French: vein)

The vein system originates from the capillary to the heart, the total area of ​​the entire venous system is greater than the artery. (Each major artery usually has two veins attached.) At some point, about 65% of the total blood volume is contained in a vein compared to 20% in the artery system.

The structure of the vein has many rings, the outer layer is mainly made of collagen, without the muscles like arteries, so these tubes can collapse when the blood volume is low and swell when blood stasis.

Blood dynamics in venous circulation and factors that help blood return to the heart:

The average venous blood velocity is 10cm / sec, only 1/4 of the aorta, while small veins are only about 0.6-1.4 cm / s, equal to 1/10 in the small artery. Venous flow increases or decreases depending on the activity or rest of the organization. Because venous blood has a lot of waste, it is denser, more viscous than blood in arteries. In that condition, the suction pressure of the heart is quite low, opposite the gravity, so what factors have brought the blood "backwards" from the foot to the heart?

The blood pressure factor is pushed and sucked by the heart

Blood pressure decreases from the artery through the capillary to the vein, so the blood pressure role that brings "dirty blood" back to the heart is definitely not the same as in the artery. During ventricular collection, the atrial pressure drops suddenly because the atrioventricular valve is lowered toward the muzzle of the heart, causing the atria to widen, which draws blood from the veins back to the atria, but the suction This size is less than 15 mmHg.

Respiratory movement

When inhaled, the diaphragm drops, the abdominal organs are forced, the pressure in the abdomen increases and blood is forced to the heart. At the same time, when inhaled, the pressure in the chest becomes even more negative (from -2.5 mmHg to –6 mmHg), this negative pressure causes the central venous pressure to fluctuate from 6 mmHg when exhaled to close 2 mmHg by inhalation. This decrease in pressure increases the amount of blood returning to the right heart.

This is evident: deep breathing will increase the pressure to suck blood to the heart.

Rhabdomyolysis:

When moving, the contraction of the surrounding muscles, pressed into a vein, combined with the valves makes blood flow to the heart.

So muscle transport helps the blood flow to the heart better.

Veins:

Figure a: The valve keeps blood flow from being pumped in the opposite direction

Figure b: When the valve dilates, blood flows downward, causing edema

On the way of the vein system, there are venous valves, which function like a heart valve (about 4-5cm on the venous tubes with 1 valve - these are the large folds in the vein wall, allowing blood to flow only one way) about heart). Valves are mainly found in the veins of the limbs. When moving, the contraction of the surrounding muscles presses into a vein, coordinating with the valves to make blood flow to the heart. So muscle transport helps the blood flow to the heart better. When the valves weaken, blood stasis in the veins may cause edema.

Temperature: when the weather is cold, the temperature decreases, the veins shrink, the venous temperature expands (so where the veins should be removed, heat should be avoided).

Lymphatic system

Many people still think that there are always red blood cells and white blood cells, so the arteries, veins, capillaries have 2 components. This is basically the case, but besides the circulatory system there is a separate lymphatic system and this explains the body's defense mechanisms.

Lymph is a clear fluid that envelops the body's tissues, keeps fluid balance, and removes bacteria from the tissues. Lymph penetrates the circulatory system through the lymph vessels.

Lymph is transported from tissues to veins through the lymphatic system. In that system, the lymph is filtered through organs such as the spleen, thymus and lymph nodes. In mammals, lymph is pushed through the lymph vessels mainly by the motor effect of the muscles surrounding the vessels.

Lymphatic system diagram

The main components of lymph are lymphocytes (lymphocytes) and macrophages (macrophages). The immune system uses these cells to combat the entry of foreign microorganisms. All multicellular animals distinguish between their own cells and foreign microorganisms, which try to neutralize or eat alien microorganisms. Macrophages are the cells tasked with surrounding and eating foreign organisms. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that neutralize foreign microorganisms by chemical means.

Lymph nodes or lymph nodes are one of a myriad of smooth, oval-shaped structures scattered along the lymph vessels, which are part of the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes are present throughout the body, concentrated in several areas such as the neck, armpits, and groin. Lymph nodes play an important role in the functioning of the immune system. They contain lymphocytes and function as filters or traps that trap foreign particles, which can become inflamed and swollen during this task.

Lymph nodes are the site of "grafting" of white blood cells and macrophages

Lymph nodes are also important in the diagnosis. They are hot or swollen in conditions ranging from mild as sore throat to dangerous as cancer. In cancer patients, the condition of the lymph node is so remarkable that it is used to determine what stage the cancer is at.

In the past, the lymphatic system was only considered to be a normal drainage system, which is not of concern, but now the body's second circulatory system is emerging as an important factor in many pathologies. from cancer to asthma, and it's a vital component of the normal immune system. According to the findings from the recent discovery, researchers are trying to examine and intervene in the functioning of the lymphatic system to minimize the spread of cancer, enhance the effectiveness of vaccines, or treat Treats a number of diseases that cause deformity and soreness in this lymphatic system.

It is true that the lymphatic system acts as the second barrier to the circulatory system for generations. But this feature was first discovered in the 1960s, and quickly fell into oblivion until 1990 and was again forgotten until about 10 years ago.

In the early 1990s, Kari Alitalo, a cancer researcher at the University of Helsinki-Finland, began studying proteins involved in the process of creating new blood vessels. These proteins, called vascular endothelial growth factors, or VEGF for short, stimulate the growth of cell lines that fall within the bloodstream and allow blood vessels to

Lymphatic network at hand, where TCLT affects  newly emerging blood Tumors often "deceive" these VEGF signals, which favor the vascular system to nurture them to make the metastases process faster and more powerful. Alitalo argues, like other scientists, that if these signals or their receptors are blocked, blood vessels can stop growing and tumor cells, thus starving gradually to death. .

It was not until 1999, when David Jackson, a biologist in Oxford, discovered a protein called LYVE-1 that a specialized market for the lymphatic system appeared to help the lymphatic system study. start going into orbit.

From there, researchers can detect the role of the lymphatic system in the metastatic process of cancerous tumors. Many tumors, such as breast cancer and malignancies, spread from the original tumor through the lymphatic system to other organs; and worse will happen if the lymph nodes are involved in the metastases, which makes the diagnosis process insignificant. In the method of Cross Concentration, the effects on capillaries and veins also work on lymphatic vessels. This may be an important reason for explaining the use of heat in the liver leading to a boost in the immune system, which in turn results in unexpected results.END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.2/3/2020.