HOT ROOF, COLD ROLL.VIETNAMESE TRANSLATE ENGLISH BY=THICH CHAN TANH.

1.General outline Hot, cold compresses are simple techniques commonly used in nursing care. Nursing must understand the effect and effectiveness of thermal energy on the patient's body. Therefore, during the practice, it is necessary to monitor and observe to avoid accidents such as being too cold, too hot, which can cause burns to patients. 1.1. The effect of hot compresses - Causes local congestion, increasing local circulation to help the process of wound healing quickly. - The effect of muscle relaxation, ligament; Reducing nerve stimulation leads to pain relief. - The effect of making body temperature increase. 1.2. Cold compresses - The effect of reducing local hyperemia. - Relieve pain from muscle injuries, ligaments. - Reduce body temperature. 2. HOT METHODS There are 2 methods of hot compresses: 2.1. Apply hot compresses The body temperature is not deep, mainly to make patients feel comfortable and has the effect of reducing pain and increasing peripheral blood circulation. 2.2. Apply hot compresses Deeper body temperature causes muscles to contract, increase circulation, increase absorption of nutrients, mineral salts, and medicines. 2.3. Temperature when applying heat - Dry heat: average temperature 41 - 43 0 C, high temperature 50 - 60 0 C. - Wet compresses: average temperature 40 0 C, high temperature 50 0 C. 2.4. Hot compresses The average time for each application is 20 - 30 minutes. If you need to apply it many times, it takes 2-3 hours to apply again. Continuous use of hot compresses makes the skin soft, the pores relax, bacteria easily penetrate into the body, causing skin and muscle infections ... 2.5. Hot compress technique 2.5.1. Apply hot compresses There are many ways to use a hot compress, such as a heater, hot water bottle, brick, and hot water poured into an ice pack. a. Point - Stomach, liver, kidney or joint pain. - Laryngitis, tracheitis. - Premature babies, the elderly when it is cold. b. Contraindicated - Appendicitis. - Peritonitis. - Severe infections causing blindness. - Cases of hemorrhage. - Unexplained abdominal pain. - Injury for the first 24 hours because of easy bleeding due to vasodilation. c. Technical practice -  Dry heat with a compress + Prepare the patient: · Inform and explain to patients and their family members about the upcoming technique. · Instruct patients on what to know, what to do before practicing the technique. + Preparing for nursing: nurses wear hats, wear clothes, masks and wash their hands often. + Prepare tools: Hot compresses: Check for puncture by putting air into the bag, tighten the stopper, and place it on the flat surface with your hands on it, if the bag slowly collapses and is punctured. · Hot water in bottles and thermos. · Thermo-thermometer, thermometer measures the patient's body temperature. · Wrap a compress or towel. · Roll tape, needle tape, lubricant. - Conducting an ice pack: + Check the ice pack with water thermometer. · Pour water into the pack 1/2 - 2/3 of the volume of the pack and place the bag on a flat surface, hold the top of the bag with one hand, squeeze the other with the other hand to raise the water to the neck of the bag, then tighten the cap again. · Turn the bag upside down and check it again, then dry the outside of the bag, put it in a bag or wrap in a cotton towel. + Put the patient in a convenient position. + Place the compress gently on the area, when placing the top of the bag higher to avoid leakage of water causing burns to the patient. + Fix the pack to the area, if the patient complains of pain, severe feeling must hang the bag on the face close to the skin. + While applying to monitor the entire patient and the ice pack to prevent accidents. + Applying ice pack out, apply it to the area. If the skin is red, patients complain of burning pain, paraffin is applied to the compress. - Tidy up the tools and write comments in the file: + Tools used to scour and sterilize. Other equipment arranged in specified position. + Record on medical records: · Date and time of application: hot, dry. · Place of application, temperature, time of application. · Patient status and results during and after the application. · Name of technical practitioner. 2.3.2. Apply hot compresses Apply warm compresses in a variety of ways, such as soaking the area in warm water, applying hot paraffin or cinnamon and star anise. Gauze towels soaked in hot water in the following cases: open wounds, minor infections, ulcers. - Preparing patients: + Inform and explain to patients and their family members about the upcoming technique. + Instruct patients on what to know, what to do before practicing the technique. - Hot bottles and thermos can be used with isotonic saline solution, 2% boric alcohol, cinnamon wine, star anise, paraffin as directed. - Preparing instruments: + Thermometer measure water. + Gauze, cotton towels. + Kocher forceps or Kocher clamps: 2 pieces. + Plastic sheet or thick cloth. + Bowls for applying fluids, fruit tray. + Paraffin oil. - Technical practice: + Mixing water, using a thermometer to measure water temperature, if other solutions must be heated to the required temperature. + For patients lying in a comfortable position, convenient. + Dip gauze or towel into the water, use gauze to squeeze out all the water and then extend the gauze gently covering the area, for open wounds, it must be very sterile. + Using a towel, not squeezed by clamps, you can use your hands to cover with gauze covered with nylon or thick cloth to apply gauze to keep the heat for a long time. + When changing hot, replace gauze or another towel, average 10 minutes / time. + After applying gauze, dry towel to apply, if the skin is red, or the patient complains of irritation, apply paraffin oil to the area. Open wounds do not apply paraffin oil. + Apply eye compresses, use gauze 5 x 5cm, when applying to patients lying on the side of the eye pain. In wet and hot compresses, a warm paraffin top is best because it retains heat longer. - Tidy up the tools and record the results in the medical record: + Tools used to scour and sterilize. Other equipment arranged in specified position. + Record on medical records: · Date and time of application: hot, wet. · Place of application, temperature, time of application. · Patient status and results during and after the application. · Name of technical practitioner. 3. COLD FISHING METHODS There are many methods such as bathing, wiping yourself with cold water, applying cold compresses and ice. - Point: + Increased body temperature. + Gastrointestinal bleeding. + Traumatic brain injury. + After thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism. + Infection, abscess ... - Contraindications: + Low body temperature, frail old people. + Local circulation decreased or constipated patients. + Respiratory bleeding. 3.1. Ice packs (dry ice packs) 3.3.1. Preparing the patient -  Inform and explain to patients and their family members about the upcoming technique. - Instructing patients what they need to know and do before practicing the technique. 3.1.2. Nursing preparation Nurses wear clothes, hats, masks, wash their hands often. 3.1.3. Preparing instruments - Use cold compresses, check for puncture. - Thermos for ice, hot water basin to soak ice for sharp edges before putting in bags to avoid pockets. - Pounce to beat stones, bags or towels to wrap the ice pack. - Cloth bandages, safety pins, tale powder. 3.1.4. Technical practice -  Break small rocks moderately, put in 1/2 - 2/3 pockets, remove all air, tighten the stopper, then slope upside down to see if there is water leakage. - Dry the outside of the pack, put it in a bag or cover with a cotton towel. - Let the patient lie in a good position. - Gently place the pack on the area, avoiding sudden coldness. - Location of the compress: as directed; Occasionally check the ice pack, the patient's entire condition, whether the stone in the bag has dissolved. If the patient experiences chills, body temperature drops, and the stiffness in the ice pack stops immediately. - Apply cold ice for a short time, if you have to apply it continuously, after 2-3 hours changing ice. - When the pack is applied, wipe the area dry and rub the tale powder over the area. - Help the patient to lie in a comfortable position. 3.1.5. Clean up the tools, write comments on the file - Used tools are scoured and sterilized. Other equipment arranged in specified position. - Recording in medical records: + Date and time of application; ice packs (dry ice packs). + Place of application, temperature, time of application. + Result, condition of patient during and after application. + Name of technical practitioner. - In clinical practice, when you need to cool down quickly, you must use many packs, place the pack on the thin skin, many large blood vessels go through such as armpits, groin, forehead, sides of neck ... - Do not place cold compresses on the chest area of ​​the patient, avoid cold too pneumonia. - If the application has to be prolonged, sometimes it must be stopped, the patient complains of cold numbness, the body temperature drops below normal, and the ice should stop immediately. 3.2. Apply cool compresses with a damp washcloth (wet compress) In some cases, patients with high fever need to cool down immediately without ice, cold water or water can often be dipped in gauze towels, squeezed and then applied to the patient. 3.2.1. Preparing the patient -  Inform and explain to patients and their family members about the upcoming technique. - Instructing patients what they need to know and do before the procedure. 3.2.2. Nursing preparation Nurses  wear clothes, pubic cloth, masks, washing hands often. 3.2.3. Preparing instruments - Gauze, towels to absorb water. - Cold water basin. - Nylon, cotton towels. 3.2.4. Technical practice - Posture of the patient: leave the patient in a convenient position, spread plastic under the compress to avoid wetting the bed. - Gauze, washcloth soaked in cold water, squeeze out, apply on the compress. When gauze, towel warm up, change gauze, another towel. - Continue applying ice for 20 - 30 minutes until body temperature returns to normal. - After applying the gauze, wipe off the gauze with a dry cotton towel and place the patient in a comfortable position. 3.2.5. Clean up the tools, write comments in the medical record - Used tools are scoured and sterilized. Other equipment arranged in specified position. - Recording in medical records: + Date wet cold compress. + Place of application, temperature, time of application. + Result, condition of patient during and after application. + Name of technical practitioner. 4. VARIABLE AND VARIABLES - Hot skin burns: do not follow the correct procedure, the water is too hot, the time is hot. - Hypothermia: cold compresses for patients with coma, consciousness disorders can cause hypothermia below normal levels. END=NAM MO SHAKYAMUNI BUDDHA.( 3 TIMES ).GOLDEN AMITABHA MONASTERY=VIETNAMESE BUDDHIST NUN=THICH CHAN TANH.AUSTRALIA,SYDNEY.30/2/2020.